Mohanganj Upazila, Netrakona

 
Mohanganj Upazila, with an area of 243.20 sq km, is bounded by barhatta and dharmapasha upazilas on the north, atpara, madan and khaliajuri upazilas on the south, jamalganj and Khaliajuri upazilas on the east, Atpara upazila on the west. Main rivers are Ghorautra, Mogra, Dhanu and Nawagang.

Mohanganj (Town) consists of 9 wards and 16 mahallas. The area of the town is 6.94 sq km. The town has a population of 21114; male 52.08%, female 47.92%. The density population is 3042 per sq km. Literacy rate among the town people is 52%.

Administration: Mohanganj thana was turned into an upazila in 1982. The upazila consists of 1 municipality, 10 union parishads, 142 mouzas and 163 villages. The union parishads belongs to mohonganj are-

• Bara kashia Birampur Union
• Baratali Banihari Union
• Gaglajore Union
• Maghan Siadhar Union
• Samaj Sahildeo Union
• Suair Union
• Tentulia Union

Archaeological heritage and relics: Ancient fort at village Betham (Sultan Alauddin Hussain Shah period), Shekher Bari Mosque (same period), Daulatpur Temple (876 BS).

Population: 129415; male 66525, female 63890; Muslim 80.57%, Hindu 19.09%, Christian and Buddhist 0.17% and others 0.17%.

Religious institutions: Mosque 217, temple 32.

Literacy and educational institutions: Average literacy 27.8%; male 32.7% and female 22.5%. Educational institutions: college 2, high school 8, madrasa 5, government primary school 5, non-government primary school 45, low cost school 3, satellite school 10; noted educational institution: Mohanganj Pilot High School (1931).

Cultural organisations: Rural club 36, playground 12, women's organisation 4, public library 2, cinema hall 3 and theatre group 1.

Main occupations: Agriculture 48.25%, fishing 2.62%, agricultural labourer 21.21%, wage labourer 2.53%, commerce 9.84%, service 3.49% and others 12.06%.

Land use: Cultivable land 24864.43 hectares, fallow land 390.84 hectares; single crop 52%, double crop 38% and treble crop land 10%; land under irrigation 71%.

Land control: Among the peasants, 33% are landless, 29% small, 27% intermediate and 11% rich; cultivable land per head 0.13 hectare.

Value of land: The market value of the land of the first grade is Tk 5000 per 0.01 hectare.

Main crops: Paddy, mustard seed and cotton.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops: Jute and potato.

Main fruits: Jackfruit, mango and black berry.

Poultries: 61.

Communication facilities Roads: pucca 16 km, semi pucca 37 km and mud road 397 km; railways 3 km; waterways 12 nautical mile.

Traditional transport: Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart and buffalo cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.

Manufactories: Flour mill 3, saw mill 15, ice factory 10, oil mill 2 and printing press 4.

Cottage industries: Goldsmith 15, wood work 26, blacksmith 14, tailoring 223, welding 9, potteries 11.

Hats, bazars and fairs: Hats and bazars are 38, most noted Hats Mohanganj and Chhesrakhali; fairs 2 (Nagdora and Barantar Mela).

Main exports: Paddy, egg and dry fish.

NGO activities: Operationally important NGOs are Social Progress Service, brac, proshika, asa, CPCD, Ahsania Mission and SAS.

Health centres: Upazila health complex 1, satellite clinic 2 and family planning centre 7.

(Source: Banglapedia, Wikipedia and others)

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Kolmakanda Upazila, Netrakona

Kolmakanda Upazila with an area of 377.41 sq km, is bounded by West Bengal of India on the north, Barhatta upazila on the south, Dharmapasha on the east, Durgapur and Netrakona Sadar  upazilas on the west. Main rivers are Someshwari, Gunai; Pakata and Urdha; Bahar Beel is notable.

Kalmadanda (Town) consists of 2 mouzas. The town has an area of 8.37 sq km. It has a population of 9358; male 53.79%, female 46.21%; The density of population is 1121 per sq km. Literacy rate among the town people is 35.2%.

Administration

Kalmakanda thana was established in 1941 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of 8 union parishads, 179 mouzas and 343 villages. The union belongs to Kalmakandaupazila are-

• Bara Khapan Unio
• Kailati Union
• Kalmakanda Union
• Kharnai Union
• Lengura Union
• Nazirpur Union
• Pogla Union
• Rangchhati Union

Archaeological heritage and relics

Tomb of Monai Shah at village Battala.

Population

209360; male 50.99%, female 49.01%; Muslim 90%, Hindu 8.95%, Christian 0.8% and others 0.25%. Ethnic nationals: Hajong, Garo and Hodi 525 families.

Religious institutions

Mosque 277, temple 22, church 4 and tomb 5.

Literacy and educational institutions

Average literacy 21.4%; male 26.3% and female 16.2%. Educational institutions: college 1, high school 12, madrasa 7, government primary school 75, non-government primary school 46, low cost school 12, NGO operated school 33; old educational institution: Kalmakanda Pilot High School (1941).

Cultural organisations

Rural club 22, cinema hall 2, playground 6.

Main occupations

Agriculture 50.21%, fishing 1.59%, agricultural labourer 25.59%, wage labourer 4.26% commerce 7.82%, service 1.52% and others 9.01%.

Land use

Cultivable land 26523.67 hectares; fallow land 2743.83 hectares; single crop 55%, double crop 40% and treble crop land 5%; land under irrigation 76%.

Land control

Among the peasants 36% are landless, 32% small, 27% intermediate and 5% rich.

Value of land

The market value of the land of the first grade is Tk 5000 per 0.01 hectare.

Main crops

Paddy, potato, wheat.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops

Jute, mustard seed, varieties of pulse.

Main fruits

Jackfruit, mango, banana and black berry.

Fisheries, dairies, poultries

Fishery 7, poultry 5.

Communication facilities

Roads; pucca 8 km, semi pucca 19 km and mud road 345 km; waterways 11 nautical mile.

Traditional transport

Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart and buffalo cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.

Manufactories

Ice factory 2, flour mill 2, saw mill 11, printing press 1 and oil mill 1.

Cottage industries

Goldsmith 7, wood work 92, blacksmith 52, tailoring 175, welding 6, potteries 70.

Hats, bazars and fairs

Hats and bazars are 35, most noted hats are Nazirpur, Kalmakanda, Panchgaon; fairs 2.

Main exports

Paddy.

NGO activities

Operationally important NGOs are CARE, caritas, asa, proshika, CPCD, SAS, Education, Cooperative, Savings and Credit Society.

Health centres

Upazila health complex 1, satellite clinic 2 and family planning centre 8.

(Source: Banglapedia, Wikipedia and others)

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Durgapur Upazila

Durgapur Upazila, with an area of 293.42 sq km, is bounded by Meghalaya (State of India) on the north, netrokona sadar and purbadhala upazilas on the south, kalmakanda upazila on the east, dhobaura upazila on the west. The Garo hills and valleys are on the northern part of the upazila. Main rivers are Someshwari, kangsa, Old someshwari.

Durgapur (Town) The town is now a municipality with an area of 10.8 sq km and population 20491; male 50.95%, female 49.05%. It has 9 wards and 27 mahallas. Literacy rate among the town people is 47.5%.

Administration

Durgapur thana was established in 1874 and was turned into an upazila in 1982. The upazila consists of 7 union parishads, 134 mouzas and 225 villages. The Union parishads belongs to Durgapur are-

• Bakaljora Union
• Birisiri Union
• Chandigarh Union
• Durgapur Union
• Gawakandi Union
• Kakairgara Union
• Kullagara Union

Historical events

At the end of the nineteenth century Hajong Revolt occurred under the leadership of Mona Sarder protesting against the compulsion of labour in in the Hatikheda free of cost. tonk movement (1942-43) and tebhaga movement (1946-47) occurred under the leadership of Comrade moni singh. Later these revolutions spread all over East Bengal.

Population

169135; male 50.49%, female 49.51%; Muslim 80%; Hindu 12%, Christian 8%. Ethnic national: Garo and Hajong 850 families.

Religious institutions

Mosque 267, temple 18 and church 5.

Literacy and educational institutions

Average literacy 23%; male 18.1% and female 17.8%. Educational institutions: college 2, high school 18, government primary school 58, non-government primary school 70, low cost school 6, madrasa 26, NGO operated school 28, kinder garden school 2, satellite school 10. Noted old educational institutions: Birishiri Picinal High School (1892), Birishiri Mission Girl's High School (1899), SKPS High School (1918), Gujirkona High School (1946), Durgapur Entrance School (1879), Upendra Biddyapit (1913-14).

Cultural organisations

Rural club 40, public library 1, cinema hall 1, playground 14, theatre stage 2, theatre group 3, and women's organisation 1.

Main occupations

Agriculture 46.73%, fishing 1.77%, agricultural labourer 25.17%, wage labourer 4.29% commerce 8.96%, service 2.91%, and others 10.17%.

Land use

Total cultivable land 18962.36 hectares, fallow land 699.72 hectares; single crop 17%, double crop 72% and treble crop 11%; land under irrigation 76%.

Land control Among the peasants

36% are landless, 31% small, 25% intermediate and 8% rich.

Value of land

The market value of the land of the first grade is Tk 6000 per 0.01 hectare.

Main crops

Paddy, jute, corn and cotton.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops

Linseed, sweet potato, sesame and pulses.

Main fruits

Jackfruit, mango, black berry (jam).

Fisheries, dairies, poultries

Fishery 14, dairy 6.

Communication facilities

Roads: pucca 18 km, semi pucca 37 km and mud road 495 km; waterways 15 nautical mile.

Traditional transport

Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart, buffalo cart. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.

Manufactories

Flour mill 4, ice factory 2, saw mill 32.

Cottage industries

Weaving 17, goldsmith 26, woodwork 65, blacksmith 27, tailoring 237, welding 22, potteries 37.

Hats, bazars and fairs

Hats and bazars 28, most noted are Durgapur, Zhanjail, Shivaganj, Gujir Kona; fairs 3

Main exports

Rice, ceramic clay.

NGO activities

Operationally important NGOs are brac, asa, proshika, caritas, World Vision.

Health centres

Upazila health complex 1, sub health centre 1 and family planning centre 7.

(Source: Banglapedia, Wikipedia and others)

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Kendua Upazila

Kendua Upazila, with an area of 303.60 sq km is bounded by netrokona sadar and atpara upazilas on the north, nandail and tarail upazilas on the south, madan upazila on the east, Nandail, ishwarganj and gauripur upazilas on the west. Main rivers are Bauri and Patkura.

Kendua (Town) consists of 9 wards and 26 mahallas. The area of the town is 3.49 sq km. It has a population of 18584; male 51.50%, female 48.50%. The density of population is 5325 per sq km. Literacy rate among the town people is 44.4%.

Administration

Kendua thana, now an upazila, was established in 1941. The upazila consists of 13 union parishads, 227 mouzas and 311 villages. The Union Parishads are-

• Asujia Union
• Balaishimul Union
• Chirang Union
• Dalpa Union
• Garadoba Union
• Ganda Union
• Kandiura Union
• Mashka Union
• Muzaffarpur Union
• Noapara Union
• Paikura Union
• Roailbari Union
• Sandikona Union

Archaeological heritage and relics

Roail Bari durga, Jalal Mosque (1513 AD/ 919 H), Jafarpur Khoaj Mosque.

Population

265628; male 134365, female 131263; Muslim 94.95%, Hindu 4.75%, Christian 0.05%, Buddhist 0.07% and others 0.18%; ethnic nationals, 110 families.

Religious institutions

Mosque 390, temple 12, place of pilgrimage 2.

Literacy and educational institutions

Average literacy 24.6%; male 25.03% and female 21.7%. Educational institutions: college 4, government high school 1, non-government high school 26, madrasa 14, government primary school 53, non-government primary school 21; old educational institutions: Kendua Joyhori Pilot High School (1832), Ashujia High School (1849).

Cultural organisations

Rural club 16, urban club 4, public library 1, playground 6, women's organisation 1.

Main occupations

Agriculture 59.38%, fishing 1.17%, agricultural labourer 18.46%, wage labourer 2.29% commerce 6.16%, service 2.58%, others 9.96%.

Land use

Cultivable land 25507 hectares; fallow land 13131.12 hectares; single crop 25%, double crop 50% and treble crop 25%; land under irrigation 72%.

Land control Among the peasants

28% are landless, 38% small, 36% intermediate and 12% rich; cultivable land per head 0.15 hectare.

Value of land

The market value of the land of the first grade is Tk 6500 per 0.01 hectare.

Main crops

Paddy, potato, wheat, mustard seed, onion, garlic, chilli and tobacco.

Extinct or nearly extinct crops

Lindeed, sesame, sweet potato and varieties of pulses.

Main fruits

Jackfruit, mango, banana, papaya, olive and black berry.

Fisheries, dairies, poultries

Fishery 10, poultry 66.

Communication facilities

Roads: pucca 47 km, semi pucca 7 km and mud road 498 km; waterways 6 nautical mile.

Traditional transport

Palanquin, horse carriage, bullock cart and soari. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.

Manufactories

Ice factory 8, flour mill 5, bakery 8.

Cottage industries

Goldsmith 47, wood work 200, blacksmith 70, tailoring 43, welding 12, potteries 120, bamboo work 54, bidi 1.

Hats, bazars and fairs

Hats and bazars are 25, most noted Hats are Roail, Chirang Rayer Bazar, Basur Bazar, Bakurhati Bazar; fairs 5, most noted Sathie Mela, Boirati Mela and Kendua Mela.

Main exports

Mustard seed, onion, garlic, banana and chilli.

NGO activities

Operationally important NGOs are CARE, caritas, Natun and Swabalambi Tarun Sangha.

Health centres

Upazila health complex 2, sub health centre 3 and family planning centre 14.

(Source: Banglapedia and Others)

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